专利摘要:
The invention relates to the bodies towed behind a ship. These objects are commonly called fish. According to the invention, the fish (12) comprises a frame configured to move in water in a horizontal main direction (25), at least one wing (27) configured to generate a downwardly directed hydrodynamic lift (30). when the fish (12) moves in the water as a result of towing, and means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing (27).
公开号:FR3033157A1
申请号:FR1500386
申请日:2015-02-27
公开日:2016-09-02
发明作者:Francois Warnan;Michael Jourdan;Philippe Vicariot;Jean Lagadec
申请人:Thales SA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

[0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the bodies towed behind a ship. These objects are commonly called fish. They are notably used in the field of variable immersion sonars. The fish is then equipped with transmit antennas or acoustic reception. To achieve its mission correctly, the fish has adequate hydrodynamic characteristics. Among other things, the fish is configured to develop significant vertical forces that allow it to dive to a desired depth despite the towing speed that tends to bring it to the surface. The simplest way to develop these vertical forces is to increase the weight of the fish beyond the buoyancy. The weight has the advantage of being constant whatever the speed of the ship that tows the fish. Another way is to have on the fish a set of hydrodynamic wings whose lift is directed downwards. Given the density of the water, these wings are quite squat and easily lodge on a towed body. The downward hydrodynamic lift force increases with the square of the speed of the fish relative to the water. As a result, the higher the speed, the more the fish is kept immersed. 20 Towed sonars are mainly used in the military field. It may be that the vessel operating with the deep-sea sonar is suddenly required to escape, for example if it is chased by a torpedo. In this case, given the urgency, it is not possible to board the towed body. The escape velocity of the vessel must be able to be supported by both the towed body and the fish tow rope. Indeed, the cable undergoes a hydrodynamic halftone which increases with the speed. The cable must be sized to withstand the maximum voltage generated by the vessel for a given leakage speed. Other elements, such as the towing machine as well as its attachments on the deck of the ship will also have to be dimensioned to withstand this maximum tension. A high leakage rate imposes an over-sizing of all the elements involved in the towing operation. The oversizing of the cable leads to increasing its dimensions and to further increase its hydrodynamic screen and consequently the tensile force on the cable. During the escape of the ship, to limit the tension of the cable, a maneuver is to go back board as much cable as possible. To allow such a maneuver, the towing winch must also be oversized. For a given equipment, two solutions remain. The first is the limitation of the leakage speed of the ship and the second in extreme cases is to cut the tow line to prevent accidental breakage. This of course leads to the loss of the towed body. The invention aims to overcome all or part of the problems mentioned above by proposing to limit the hydrodynamic forces on the fish if necessary. To this end, the invention relates to a fish intended to be immersed and towed by a vessel, the fish comprising a frame configured to move in the water in a horizontal main direction and at least one wing configured to generate a hydrodynamic lift directed downward when the fish moves in water under the effect of towing, characterized in that it comprises means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing. By reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing, the fish tends to rise towards the surface of the water. This advantage may be useful in other cases than the escape of the ship. In the presence of an unplanned shallow, the towed body can abut against the high ground causing a risk of breakage of the tow line and a loss of the towed body. To slow down the vessel would only aggravate the situation by plunging the towed body. By implementing the means to reduce the hydrodynamic lift of the wing, the fish tends to rise and is thus in a better position to avoid the high ground. The fish may comprise at least two wings and means for coordinately reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wings. Advantageously, the means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing are configured to substantially cancel the hydrodynamic lift or to generate a hydrodynamic lift directed upwards. The means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing can be configured to vary the hydrodynamic lift continuously between two extreme values or to change the hydrodynamic lift from a first discrete value to a discrete second without stopping at a value. intermediate lift. The fish may include a tail. Means for reducing lift then include means for modifying an orientation of the empennage so as to alter the orientation of the fish frame relative to the main direction. Alternatively, the means for reducing the lift may comprise means for modifying an orientation of the wing. Advantageously, the means for reducing the lift include a latch for maintaining the orientation for obtaining the hydrodynamic lift and means for unlocking the latch. The fish may comprise a pivot connection allowing rotation of the wing and two stops limiting the movement of the wing in its rotation around the pivot connection. The lock then maintains the wing bearing 25 against a first of the two stops and in the unlocked position, the wing bears against a second of the two stops. Advantageously, the unlocking means of the lock comprise a pyrotechnic member. The fish may include a sensor for measuring a parameter. Exceeding a threshold value by the measured value triggers the means to reduce the hydrodynamic lift of the wing. The invention also relates to a tow line comprising a fish according to the invention, a vessel, a cable and means 3033157 for controlling means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing, said control means being arranged on vessel. The control means can be configured to be triggered manually or automatically. In the case of an automatic trigger, the tow line may include a sensor for measuring a parameter. Exceeding a threshold value by the measured value triggers the means to reduce the hydrodynamic lift of the wing.
[0002] The invention will be better understood and other advantages will appear on reading the detailed description of an embodiment given by way of example, a description illustrated by the attached drawing in which: FIG. 1 schematically represents a ship pulling an active sonar; Figure 2 shows a towed body of the sonar of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows the ship of Figure 1 towing the towed body in two hydrodynamic configurations of the towed body; Figure 4 shows a fish with two wings; FIG. 5 represents a fish comprising a single wing; Figures 6 and 7 show in more detail the towed body in each of the hydrodynamic configurations; Figures 8 and 9 show an example of implementation of a latch 45 configured to move the towed body from one hydrodynamic configuration to another. For the sake of clarity, the same elements will bear the same references in the different figures. The invention is described in connection with the towing of a sonar by a surface vessel. It is understood that the invention can be implemented for other towed elements and other towing means. FIG. 1 shows a ship 10 towing an active sonar 11 comprising an acoustic emission antenna 12 commonly called fish and an acoustic receiving antenna 13 often called a flute. The sonar 3033157 5 also includes a cable 14 for towing the two antennas 12 and 13. The cable also provides the routing of signals and power supplies between the ship and the antennas 12 and 13 of the sonar 11. It is also possible to provide two separate cables, one for towing the fish 12 and the other for the flute 13, the cable towing the flute then being attached to the fish 12. The invention relates more particularly to the fish 12 and can be implemented The antennas 12 and 13 are mechanically secured and electrically and / or optically connected to the cable 14 in an appropriate manner. Conventionally, the receiving antenna 13 is formed of a tubular linear antenna identical to those found in passive sonars, hence its name flute, while the transmitting antenna 12 is integrated in a volume structure having a shape similar to that of a fish. The receiving flute is generally disposed at the rear, at the end of the cable 14, the fish being positioned on the part of the cable 14 closest to the ship 10. During an underwater acoustic mission, the antenna 12 emits sound waves in the water and the receiving antenna 13 picks up any echoes from targets on which the sound waves emanating from the antenna 12 are reflected. The launching and the water outlet antennas 12 and 13 is achieved by means of a winch 16 disposed on a deck 17 of the ship 10. The winch comprises a drum 18 sized to allow the winding of the cable 14 and the antenna of 13. The winch 16 also includes a frame for attachment to the deck of the ship. The drum 18 is pivotable relative to the frame to allow the winding of the cable. The winding of the cable 14 makes it possible to haul the fish 12 on board the ship 10, for example on a rear platform 19 provided for this purpose. A fairlead 20 guides the cable 14 downstream of the drum 18. The fairlead 20 is the last guide element of the cable 14 before its descent into the water. The cable 14 comprises for example a core formed of electrical and / or optical conductors for transmitting energy and information between sonar equipment located on board the ship 10 and the antennas 12 and 13. The core of the cable 14 is generally covered with a strand of metal son ensuring the mechanical strength of the cable 14 including traction. The cable 14 may be covered with scales configured to adapt its hydrodynamic profile to limit its screen. Figure 2 shows the fish 12 in profile. The fish 12 is configured to move in translational water in a direction shown horizontally in FIG. 2. The fish 12 comprises a frame 23 and at least one wing 27 for generating a downwardly directed hydrodynamic lift when the fish moves in the direction 25. The wing 27 has for example a symmetrical profile around a direction 28. To generate the lift 30, the direction 28 of the wing 27 is inclined at an angle A relative to in direction 25. Angle A is counterclockwise in the counterclockwise direction to direct lift 30 downwards. The fish 12 also includes an empennage 29 located towards the rear of the fish 12 in the direction 25. The empennage 29 makes it possible to ensure the stability of the movement of the fish 12 in the direction 25. The angle A has for example a value of the order of 8 °. It is understood that this value can be adapted according to the desired lift and the profile of the wing 27.
[0003] In addition to the lift 30, the fish is subjected to different forces when moving in the direction 25: its weight 31, its screen 32 and the traction 33 exerted by the cable 14. To avoid overloading Figure 2, it is assumed the antenna 13 absent. The possible presence of an antenna 13 would increase the screen 32. At first approach, when the fish is moving at a constant speed, the vector sum of the various forces to which it is subjected is zero. According to the invention, the fish 12 comprises means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing 27. The lift is here considered positive when it is directed downwards, the reduction of the lift can of course go as far as possible. to cancel the lift and even make it negative, that is to say directed upwards and tending to raise the fish 12 to the surface. Nevertheless, such a negative lift would tend to increase the resultant tensile forces on the cable 14. An ascent of the fish 12 is especially of interest when an unplanned high bottom occurs.
[0004] Figure 3 shows two configurations in which the ship 10 tows the fish 12. In the first configuration, the fish 12 is marked 12-1. In this configuration, the wing 27 provides lift directed downwards. The vector sum of forces due to weight, framing and lift is indicated 35-1. At the level of the ship 10, the resultant 35-1 causes a traction force 36-1 on the cable 14. In the second configuration, the fish is marked 12-2. In this configuration, the wing 27 no longer provides lift, or a very low lift. The vector sum of the forces due to the weight and the screen is identified 35-2. At the ship level 10, the resultant 35-2 causes a pulling force 36-2 on the rope 14. In both configurations, the speed of the ship 10 is the same and the modulus of the pulling force 36-2 is less than the modulus of the tensile force 36-1. This difference makes it possible to increase the speed of the ship. In other words, if the entire tow chain (winch, cable and fish) is sized to operate at 36-1 at a given speed for the ship 10, reducing the lift of the fish 12 increases the given speed until reaching a 36-2 force whose modulus is equal to the modulus of the force 36-1 at lower speed. In Figure 2 a single wing 27 is shown on one side of the fish 12. It is conventional that the fish comprises two wings 27 each disposed symmetrically with respect to the direction 25, as shown in Figure 4. In this case, the Means for reducing the lift advantageously applies in a coordinated manner to the two wings 27. More generally, the fish 12 may comprise more than two wings 25 all generating a lift directed downwards. The invention is already of interest in reducing the lift of one of the wings. Conversely, the fish may comprise only one wing, for example, disposed on the nose of the fish 12 as shown in FIG. 5. The invention then consists in reducing the lift of this single wing.
[0005] FIG. 6 shows a first embodiment of means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing 27. In this embodiment, the fish 12 comprises means for modifying an orientation of the empennage 29 so as to modify the orientation of the fish with respect to the main direction 25. More precisely, in the first configuration of FIG. 3, corresponding to the position of the fish 12 3033157 shown in FIG. 2, the fish 12 moves in the translational water according to a direction 25 and the wing 27 makes an angle A with the direction 25. Maneuvering the empennage 29 to arrive at the second configuration of Figure 3, the fish 12 is oriented to substantially align the wing 27 and the direction 25. In other words, the angle A becomes substantially zero. Thus the lift 30 of the wing 27 is greatly reduced. The lift 30 is advantageously zero in this configuration. In Figure 3, two orientations of the empennage 29 are shown. Orientation 29-1 corresponds to the first high lift configuration and orientation 29-2 corresponds to the second low lift configuration. The fish 12 comprises a pivot connection 39 allowing the tailplane 29 to rotate. The pivot connection 39 allows the tailplane 29 to rotate about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction 25.
[0006] FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing 27. In this embodiment, the fish 12 comprises means for modifying an orientation of the wing 27. In this embodiment , the general orientation of the fish 12 with respect to the direction 25 remains unchanged during the maneuvers 20 of the wing 27. By contrast, by changing the orientation of the wing 27, the lift thereof is reduced or canceled . The fish 12 comprises a pivot connection 40 allowing the wing 27 to rotate. The pivot connection 40 enables the wing 27 to rotate about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction 25. The second embodiment has the advantage not to change the orientation of the fish 12 with respect to direction 25. The screen 32 remains unchanged. To modify the orientation of the wing 27 or that of the empennage 29, it is possible to motorize the corresponding pivot connection, that is to say that of the empennage 29 or that of the wing 27. This solution makes it possible to vary the lift continuously. The motorization can be carried out using an electric motor possibly associated with a gearbox or with the aid of hydraulic means, such as a jack. Nevertheless, the motorization is complex to implement.
[0007] A simpler solution is that the fish 12 includes a lock to maintain the orientation to obtain the hydrodynamic lift and latch unlocking means. In other words, the lock makes it possible to maintain the angle A at its value making it possible to obtain the desired lift. By releasing the lock, the orientation of the wing 27 or that of the empennage 29 is modified so as to reduce the lift of the wing 27. In other words, the means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing are configured to change the hydrodynamic lift from a first discrete value to a discrete second, the first value corresponding to the maximum lift and the second value corresponding to the minimum lift. FIGS. 8 and 9 show an exemplary implementation of a latch 45 configured to hold the wing 27 in the first configuration of FIG. 3. It is understood that this example can also be implemented in the variant of Figure 6 to change the orientation of the empennage 29. The locked configuration is shown in Figure 8. In Figure 9, the latch 45 is unlocked, and the fish 12 passes in the second configuration of Figure 3. The fish 12 comprises two stops 46 and 47 limiting the movement of the wing 27 in its rotation around the pivot connection 40. The wing 27 can bear against one or other of the abutments 46 and 47 in the vicinity its trailing edge 47 and the pivot connection 40 is disposed in the vicinity of the leading edge 48 of the wing 27. The latch 45 maintains the wing 27 bearing against the stop 46 and in the unlocked position, the wing 27 bears against the stop 47. It is also possible to remote the pivot connection 40 of the leading edge 48. The latch 45 may be formed by any mechanical member for holding the flange 27 in abutment against the stop 46. The latch 45 is for example formed by a latch that can take two positions . In a first position, the latch holds the wing 27 in abutment against the stop 46 and in a second position the latch releases the wing 27. The movement of the latch can be provided by an electromechanical system operated remotely from the ship. The control signal of the electromechanical system passes through the cable 14. The latch 45 may alternatively be formed by a pyrotechnic bolt. More generally, the unlocking means of the lock 45 comprise a pyrotechnic member. The pyrotechnic bolt has the advantage of triggering faster than a latch. During the launching of the fish 12, the bolt fixes the wing bearing against its abutment 46. The bolt comprises a pyrotechnic charge to break it and release the movement of the wing 27. The pyrotechnic charge is for example remotely controlled from the ship 10. However, the use of a pyrotechnic charge has a disadvantage. It is not possible to replace the wing 27 in position against its stop 46 when the fish is towed. The rearming of the lock 45 io requires a bolt change operation, an operation that can be performed only once the fish 12 aboard the ship 10. This disadvantage is still a slight inconvenience. Indeed, once the lock 45 open, the lift of the wing 27 is reduced and its depth decreases. Even in this configuration, it is still possible to continue the sonar mission.
[0008] The performance of the sonar is simply reduced. Another embodiment of the lock and stops is to integrate them to the pivot connection 40. The stops are then arranged around the axis of the pivot connection. The lock function integrated in the pivot connection can be filled by a mechanical member holding the axis of the pivot connection in abutment with one of the stops. It is also possible to perform the lock function using any type of motor, for example electric or hydraulic, allowing rotation of the pivot link 40. The electric motor is for example associated with a counter-reaction allowing it to maintain the wing 27 in a given angular position with the aid of a large torque.
[0009] As mentioned above, the control of the latch 45 can be performed manually by an operator on board the ship. For example, as soon as an order for increasing the speed of the ship is given, the operator can trigger the lock 45 or more generally the hydrodynamic lift reduction control of the wing 27.
[0010] Alternatively, the control can be automated. The trigger occurs for example when a sensor measures a parameter whose value exceeds a given threshold. The sensor may for example be a sonar 50 fitted to the fish 12 or the ship 10. When the sounder detects the presence of a high-water, that is, if the depth measured by the sounder becomes lower than a given depth, the 3033157 11 The result of the comparison between the measured depth and the threshold depth makes it possible to trigger the hydrodynamic lift reduction control of the wing 27. The sensor may also be a force sensor 51 measuring the traction of the cable 14. The force sensor 51 can measure the traction of the cable 14 in the fish 12 at the level of the hooking between the cable 14 and the fish 12 or on the ship 10 at the winch. Exceeding a tensile value given by the traction measured on the cable 14 can trigger the hydrodynamic lift reduction control of the wing 27.
权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A fish intended to be immersed and towed by a vessel (10), the fish (12) comprising a frame (23) configured to move in water in a horizontal main direction (25) and at least one configured wing (27) for generating a downwardly directed hydrodynamic lift (30) when the fish (12) moves in the water under the effect of towing, characterized in that it comprises means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing ( 27).
[0002]
2. Fish according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two wings (27) and means for coordinately reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wings (27).
[0003]
3. Fish according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift 15 of the wing (27) are configured to substantially cancel the hydrodynamic lift.
[0004]
4. Fish according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing (27) 20 are configured so that the wing (27) generates a hydrodynamic lift directed upwards .
[0005]
5. Fish according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift 25 of the wing (27) are configured to vary the hydrodynamic lift continuously between two extreme values.
[0006]
6. Fish according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the means for reducing the hydrodynamic lift of the wing (27) are configured to change the hydrodynamic lift from a first discrete value to a discrete second .
[0007]
7. Fish according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a stabilizer (29) and in that the means for reducing the lift include means (39) for modifying an orientation of the empennage ( 29) so as to modify the orientation of the frame (23) of the fish (12) relative to the main direction (25).
[0008]
8. Fish according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means for reducing the lift comprise means (40) for changing an orientation of the wing (27).
[0009]
9. Fish according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the means for reducing the lift include a latch (45) for maintaining the orientation to obtain the hydrodynamic lift and latch unlocking means (45).
[0010]
10. Fish according to claim 9, characterized in that the fish (12) comprises a pivot connection (40) allowing the rotation of the wing (27) and two stops (46, 47) limiting the movement of the wing (27) in its rotation about the pivot connection (40) and in that the latch (45) maintains the flange (27) bearing against a first of the two stops (46) and that in the unlocked position, the wing (27) bears against one of the two stops (47).
[0011]
11. Fish according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the unlocking means of the lock (45) comprise a pyrotechnic member. 25
[0012]
12. Fish according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a sensor (50, 51) for measuring a parameter and in that an exceeding of a threshold value by the measured value triggers the means. to reduce the hydrodynamic lift of the wing (27).
[0013]
13. towing line characterized in that it comprises a fish (12) according to one of claims 1 to 6, a vessel (10), a cable (14) and means for controlling means for reducing the lift 3033157 14 hydrodynamics of the wing (27) said control means being arranged on the ship (10).
[0014]
14. tow line according to claim 13, characterized in that the control means are configured to be triggered manually.
[0015]
Towing line according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises a sensor (50, 51) for measuring a parameter and that exceeding a threshold value by the measured value triggers the means. to reduce the hydrodynamic lift of the wing (27). 15
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
US20180015992A1|2018-01-18|
EP3261920B1|2019-03-27|
AU2016223414B2|2020-04-30|
FR3033157B1|2018-03-23|
CA2977861A1|2016-09-01|
WO2016135326A1|2016-09-01|
AU2016223414A1|2017-10-12|
US10457366B2|2019-10-29|
EP3261920A1|2018-01-03|
引用文献:
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FR3075164B1|2017-12-19|2020-08-28|Thales Sa|REVERSIBLE VARIABLE HYDRODYNAMIC FISH AND TOWING LINE INCLUDING FISH|
CN109204703B|2018-08-30|2020-08-07|中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所|Self-locking fixing device for turnover type stabilizing wing|
DE102019107976B3|2019-03-28|2020-07-09|Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung|Maneuverable measuring body for determining measurement data with malfunction module|
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法律状态:
2016-01-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
2016-09-02| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160902 |
2017-01-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
2018-01-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
2020-01-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
2021-11-12| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20211005 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
FR1500386|2015-02-27|
FR1500386A|FR3033157B1|2015-02-27|2015-02-27|FISH WITH VARIABLE HYDRODYNAMIC PORTABILITY AND TOWING LINE COMPRISING FISH|FR1500386A| FR3033157B1|2015-02-27|2015-02-27|FISH WITH VARIABLE HYDRODYNAMIC PORTABILITY AND TOWING LINE COMPRISING FISH|
PCT/EP2016/054152| WO2016135326A1|2015-02-27|2016-02-26|Fish with variable hydrodynamic lift and tow line comprising the fish|
CA2977861A| CA2977861A1|2015-02-27|2016-02-26|Fish with variable hydrodynamic lift and tow line comprising the fish|
AU2016223414A| AU2016223414B2|2015-02-27|2016-02-26|Fish with variable hydrodynamic lift and tow line comprising the fish|
EP16707700.7A| EP3261920B1|2015-02-27|2016-02-26|Fish with variable hydrodynamic lift and tow line comprising the fish|
US15/553,567| US10457366B2|2015-02-27|2016-02-26|Fish with variable hydrodynamic lift and tow line comprising the fish|
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